Кто изобрел DVD и кто обладает правами на него?

DVD - результат совместной работы компаний Toshiba, Matsushita, Philips, Sony и других. Первоначально существовали два стандарта второго поколения DVD. Формат MMCD предлагался Sony, Philips и другими. Конкурирующий формат SD предлагался Toshiba, Time Warner и другими. Группа компьютерных компаний во главе с IBM настаивала, чтобы все компании, предлагающие стандарты DVD согласились с общим единым стандартом. Объединенный формат DVD был объявлен в сентябре 1995, что позволило избежать повторения той путаницы и тех затрат, которые были понесены во времена войны VHS против BetaMax (или во времена войн за квадрофонический звук в 1970-ых).

Никакая отдельная компания не владеет DVD. Стандарт был разработан консорциумом 10 из компаний: Hitachi, JVC, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, Philips, Pioneer, Sony, Thomson, Time Warner и Toshiba. Также проводится работа с предстваителями многих других компаний. В мае 1997 г., консорциум был заменен DVD Форумом, который открыт для всех компаний. (Посетите страницу Robert's DVD http://www.unik.no/~robert/hifi/dvd/, на которой собраны ссылки на страницы компаний, работающих с DVD.) Компания Time Warner  зарегистрировала логотип DVD и передала его DVD Format/Logo Licensing Corporation

Официальные спецификации DVD доступны в компании Toshiba после подписания соглашения о неразглашении и выплате взноса в $5000. Для связи: Toshiba DVD Products 1-1 Shibaru 1-Chome, Minato-ku, 105-01 Токио, Япония, тел.: 81-3-3457-2473, факс: 81-3-5444-9401.

Любая компания, проиводящая DVD-изделия должна лицензировать патентованную технологию у объединения Philips/Pioneer/Sony, у обединения Hitachi/Matsushita/Mitsubishi/Time Warner/Toshiba/Victor, и у Thomson. Общие отчисления составляют примерно 5 % за dvd-видео плеер, $6 за дисковод DVD-ROM и декодер, и 10 центов за DVD диск. Matsushita патентует технологию шифрования CSS бесплатно. Лицензии на систему Macrovision бесплатны для изготовителей оборудования, но производители дисков должны выплачивать авторское вознаграждение. Формат DVD и эмблема DVD также должны лицензироваться; для связи: Toshiba DVD Business Promotion and Support: 81-3-5444-9580, факс 81-3-5444-9430. Также требуется патент на MPEG-2 от MPEG Licensing Administrator. Стоимость этого патента - $4 за DVD-плеер или плату декодера и 4 цента за каждый диск DVD. Свяжитесь с MPEG LA для получения более подробной информации: http://www.mpegla.com .

Нижеследующие компании официально обяъвили о выпуске изделий, специально разработанных для формата DVD.

• Akai: DVD-Video player
• Alpine: DVD car navigation/entertainment system
• Altec Lansing: DVD audio technology
• California Audio Labs: DVD-Video player
• Clarion: DVD-ROM car navigation system
• Comjet: HomeMighty DVD player with Web connection
• Denon: DVD-Video player
• Faroudja: DVD-Video player
• Fisher: DVD-Video player
• Harman Kardon: DVD-Video player
• Hitachi: DVD-Video player
• Hyundai: DVD-Video player
• Innovacom: PC/TV with DVD support
• JVC (Victor): DVD-Video players
• Kenwood: DVD-Video player
• LG Electronics (GoldStar): DVD-Video players
• Matsushita (Panasonic/National/Technics/Quasar): DVD-Video players, DVD-ROM car navigation system
• Meridian: DVD-Video player
• Mitsubishi: DVD-Video players
• NEC: DVD-RAM video camera
• Noriko: DVD-Video players
• Onkyo: DVD-Video player
• Philips (Magnavox/Marantz/Norelco): DVD-Video player
• Pioneer: DVD-Video players, DVD-ROM car navigation system
• Runco: DVD-video player and changer
• Samsung: DVD-Video players
• Sanyo: DVD-Video player
• Sharp: DVD-Video player
• Sony: DVD-Video players
• Thomson (RCA/GE/Proscan/Ferguson/Nordmende/Telefunken/Saba/Brandt): DVD-Video players
• Toshiba: DVD-Video players
• Yamaha: DVD-Video player
• Zenith: DVD-Video players (made by Toshiba and LG)

• A.D. Vision (anime)
• Aftermath Media (Tender Loving Care, interactive movie)
• All Day Entertainment
• Amazing Fantasy
• American Gramaphone
• American Software
• Anchor Bay Entertainment
• Artisan (formerly LIVE Entertainment)
• Arts & Entertainment DVD
• BMG (Sonopress)
• Brentwood
• Brilliant Digital Entertainment (multipath movies)
• BroadcastDVD
• CAV Distributors
• Cecchi Gori
• Central Park Media
• Chesky
• Classic Records
• Columbia TriStar (Sony)
• Compact Media (distributor)
• Concert @ Home (Platinum Entertainment)
• Concorde Video (12 Monkeys, German)
• Criterion
• Delos International (mostly audio)
• Delta Entertainment
• DG Distributors
• Digital Disc Entertainment
• Digital Leisure (formerly ReadySoft) (Dragon's Lair, Space Ace)
• Digital Multimedia
• Digital Versatile Disc
• Dimension
• Direct Video
• Disney (Buena Vista Home Video, Dimension, Hollywood, Miramax, Touchstone)
• DreamWorks SKG
• DVD International (distributor)
• Eaton Entertainment
• Elite Entertainment
• Essex Entertainment
• Fox Lorber
• Front Row
• Gainax (anime)
• Goldhil Home Media
• Goodtimes
• HBO (Warner)
• Image Entertainment (distributor)
• Impressive (adult)
• Kino
• Laserdisc Entertainment (adult)
• Leo Films
• Lumivision (distributed by SlingShot)
• MacDaddy
• Madacy
• Magic Lantern
• Master Tone
• MCA (Universal)
• MCA Music
• Media Galleries
• Media Group (distributor)
• Metro Global Media (adult)
• Metromedia
• MGM/UA (Warner)
• Monarch
• Monterey
• MPI
• MTI
• Multimedia 2000 (M2-K)
• N2K Music
• Navarre (distributor)
• New Vision
• New Line (Warner)
• New Horizons Home Video
• NuTech Digital (adult)
• Orion Pictures (distributed by Image)
• Overseas Filmgroup (distributor, partner with Image)
• Pacific Digital
• Panasonic Interactive Media (defunct)
• Paramount Home Video (owned by Viacom)
• Parasol
• Passport
• Phantom
• Pioneer Entertainment (distributor)
• Playboy
• PM Entertainment
• Polygram (Philips partner)
• Pony Canyon (Japan)
• Pro7 Home Entertainment (Germany)
• Program Power
• Real Entertainment
• Republic Pictures (majority owned by Paramount)
• Rhino Home Video
• Roadshow Entertainment (Australia)
• Roan Group
• Rykodisc
• Samsung Entertainment Group
• Shanachie
• Simitar
• Sierra Vista Entertainment (Innovacom)
• Silver Screen
• SlingShot (acquired Lumivision titles)
• Sony Music Entertainment
• Sony Wonder (kids)
• Sterling Home Entertainment
• SyCoNet.com (distrubutor, anime) 
• Synapse Motion Pictures
• Tai Seng
• Toho (Japan)
• Toshiba EMI
• Trimark
• Troma
• Turner
• Twentieth Century Fox
• United American
• Universal Studios Home Video (Matsushita) 
• VCA Interactive (VCA Pictures, VCA Labs; adult)
• VCI
• Victor Entertainment (JVC)
• Victory
• Video Watchdog
• Vidmark
• Vivid Entertainment (adult)
• Waterbearer Films
• Warner Bros. Records/Warner Music (Toshiba partner)
• Warner Home Video (Toshiba partner)
• WIT Entertainment (distributor)
• World Video
• Xenon
• York

A list of studio addresses is available at <http://www.high-rez.com/contacts.htm>

• Acer Laboratories: DVD decoder/controller chips
• Alliance Semiconductor: DVD-accelerated video controller chips
• Analog Devices: 192-kHz/24-bit audio DAC
• Apple: DVD-ROM drives, DVD-ROM-equipped computers, software drivers, playback hardware and software (QuickTime)
• AST: DVD-ROM-equipped computers (with MMX-based playback software)
• ATI Technologies: DVD-accelerated video audio/video cards
• Avid Electronics: DVD decoder/controller chips
• Axis Communications: DVD-ROM servers
• C-Cube: DVD encoder and decoder chips
• Canopus: DVD-RAM video archiving.
• CEI: DVD playback hardware and software
• Chromatic Research: DVD decoder and playback chips
• Cirrus Logic: DVD-accelerated video controller chips
• Compaq: DVD-ROM-equipped computers
• Creative Technology: DVD-accelerated audio/video cards, DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM upgrade kits
• Cygnet: DVD-RAM jukebox
• Diamond Multimedia: DVD upgrade kit (Toshiba drive)
• Digital: DVD software playback (for Alpha workstations), DVD encoder chips
• Digital Video Systems: DVD-ROM drives
• DynaTek: DVD upgrade kit
• E4 (Elecede): DVD playback hardware
• Elektroson: DVD-recordable software (top.GEAR)
• ESS Technology: playback chipset, player reference design
• Fujitsu: DVD-ROM-equipped computers
• Gateway: DVD-ROM-equipped computers
• Harman Int.: DVD jukebox
• Hitachi: DVD-ROM drives, decoder chips
• Hi-Val: DVD playback hardware (upgrade kit)
• Hyundai: DVD decoder chips
• IBM: DVD-ROM-equipped computers, decoder chips
• Infineon: DVD reader circuitry
• Innovacom: DVD encoder and decoder systems
• Intel: DVD playback hardware (MMX) and software
• JVC: DVD-ROM drives
• Kasan: decoder hardware
• LG Electronics: DVD-ROM drives
• LSI: DVD decoder chips and playback cards
• LuxSonor: DVD playback chips
• Margi: DVD decoder card for notebook PCs
• Matrox: DVD-accelerated video cards
• Matsushita (Panasonic): DVD-ROM drives, upgrade kits, DVD/Web integration, DVD-RAM still-image recorder
• Media100: DVD authoring tools
• Mediamatics: DVD playback software and hardware
• Medianix: Dolby Digital decoder hardware with Spatializer 3D audio
• Microsoft: DVD drivers and playback software (ActiveMovie)
• Mitsubishi: DVD-ROM drives
• Motorola: DVD decoder chips
• Number 9: DVD-accelerated audio/video cards
• NEC: DVD-ROM drives
• NSM: DVD-ROM jukebox, DVD-RAM jukebox
• Oak Technology: DVD playback hardware and software
• Packard Bell: DVD-ROM-equipped computers
• Philips: DVD-ROM drives, decoder chips
• Pioneer: DVD-ROM drives
• Plasmon Data: DVD-RAM jukebox
• Procom: DVD-ROM jukebox
• Quadrant International: DVD-Video decoding hardware and software
• S3: DVD-accelerated video controller chips
• Samsung: DVD-ROM drives and DVD-ROM-equipped computers
• STMicroelectronics (formerly SGS-Thomson): DVD decoder chips
• SICAN: DVD decoder chips
• Sigma Designs: DVD playback hardware
• Software Architects: DVD-recordable software (w/Elektroson)
• Sony: DVD-ROM drives and DVD-ROM-equipped computers
• STB Systems: DVD playback hardware (upgrade kit)
• TDK: blank DVD-RAM discs
• Toshiba: DVD-ROM drives and DVD-ROM-equipped computers
• Trident Microsystems: DVD decoder chips, DVD-accelerated video controller chips
• Truevision: DVD playback software (Microsoft Active Movie 2.0)
• Verbatim Australia (ActiveMedia): DVD playback hardware (upgrade kit)
• VisionTech: MPEG-2 encoder/mulitplexer
• Wired: DVD playback hardware and software
• Xing: DVD playback software
• Zen: multi-beam DVD reading technology
• Yamaha: AC-3 decoder chips
• Zoran/CompCore: DVD software and hardware playback, DVD decoder chips

• 2 Way Media: Launch
• Access Software: Overseer, Tex Murphy
• Acclaim Entertainment: Reah
• Accolade: Jack Nicklaus 4, Family Spectacular
• Activision (Quicksilver): Muppet Treasure Island, Spycraft: The Great Game, Zork: The Grand Inquisitor
• Aftermath Media: Tender Loving Care
• ALLDATA: automotive information databases
• Apple Computer: Mac OS Anthology (available to developers only)
• Broderbund: Riven
• Byron Preiss/Simon & Schuster: The Timetables of Technology
• Creative Multimedia: Billboard Music Guide, Blockbuster Entertainment Guide to Movies and Video
• Creative Wonders (The Learning Company): Schoolhouse Rock, Sesame Street, Wide World of Animals
• DeLorme: AAA Map'n'Go DVD Deluxe
• Digital Directory Assistance: PhoneDisc PowerFinder USA One
• Digital Versatile Disc: Shaodan
• Digital Leisure: Dragon's Lair
• Discovery Channel: Leopard Son/Animal Planet, Connections
• Dorling Kindersley
• Electronic Arts: Wing Commander IV
• genX Software/dHouse: Dead Moon Junction
• Graphix Zone
• Grolier: Multimedia Encyclopedia
• GT Entertainment: Forrest Gump, Reah
• IBM Interactive Media: The Pistol: The Birth of a Legend
• Interactual Technologies: Star Trek VideoSaver
• Interplay
• IVS: The Union Catalogue of Belgian Research Libraries
• Japan Travel Bureau: DVD-Web product
• The Learning Company (SoftKey): Battles of the World, Digital Library, The Genius of Edison
• Liris (Havas) Interactive: Dйcouvertes (Junior Discovery)
• Magnum Design
• Mechadeus: The Daedalus Encounter
• MediaGalleries: Multimedia Bach
• MediaOne: VersaDisc
• Microsoft: Encarta 98, MSDN/TechNet
• Mill Reef: Earthlight
• Mindscape
• Mitchell Repair Information Company: ON-DEMAND
• Monolith: Claw
• Montparnasse Multimedia: Microcomsos
• Multimedia 2000 (aka M2K, formerly Multicom): Birds of the World; Bubblegum Crisis; HomeDepot's Home Improvement 1-2-3; Warren Miller's Ski World '97; Exploring National Parks; Great Chefs, Great Cities; Better Homes and Gardens Cool Crafts
• Natif
• NB Digital/Mill Reef: Earthlight
• Pro CD: Select Phone
• Project Two Interactive: Reah (distributed by GT in U.S., Acclaim in UK and Ireland)
• Psygnosis
• Sega: 4 game/instruction titles to be released in early 1997
• Sierra Online
• Sumeria: Vanishing Wonders of the Sea, Wild Africa
• SuperZero: adult DVD-Video
• TerraGlyph Interactive Studios: Buster and the Beanstalk (Tiny Toons)
• Tsunami: Crazy 8's, Silent Steel, Silent Steel II
• Warner Advanced Media
• Westwood Studios: Command & Conquer
• Xiphias: Encyclopedia Electronica
• Zombie VR Studios: Liberty

Здесь перечислены несколько наиболее популярные страницы о DVD.

• Robert's DVD Info: <http://www.unik.no/~robert/hifi/dvd/> (tons of links to news articles and other pages)
• UK DVD FAQ: <http://movieuk.com/dvdfaq.htm>
• Ask Digital Man DVD tech support: <http://www.askdigitalman.com/>
• Kilroy's DVD FAQs: <http://www.CD-info.com/CDIC/Technology/DVD/dvd-faq.html> (technical) and <http://www.icdia.org/dvdfaq02.html> (oriented toward CD-i) (both are a little out of date)
• Chad Fogg's technical notes: <http://www.mpeg.org/~tristan/MPEG/DVD/>
• DVD-Video Production Guidebook: <http://www.nbdig.com/html/dvdmain.htm> (very technical and poorly translated from Japanese)
• Quantel Digital Fact Book (digital video info and glossary): <http://www.quantel.com/dfb>
• DVD for not-so-Dummies, from Nimbus <http://www.nimbuscd.com/dvd.htm>
• DVD Primer, from Sonic Solutions <http://www.dvdcreator.com/pdf/dvd_primer.pdf>
• SPA (IMA) DVD SIG: <http://www.spa.org/dvd>
• Tristan's MPEG Pointers and Resources <http://www.mpeg.org/>
• Compuserve Multimedia Forum, DVD Section (Go MMFORUM)
• DVD discussion list. Send "subscribe DVD-L <your name>" to listserv@listserv.temple.edu
• For details on YUV, RGB, YCrCb, etc., read Charles Poynton's Color FAQ (or buy his book).

• Информация о DVD на русском языке - DVD Special.

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